Ubuntu 24.04 Upgrade
Inadequate Power Causing ZFS Scrub Errors
The Cost of Freedom
Today is a Blessed Day
New Found Love for LaTeX
In a previous post called, Scaled Solar System, I used 
git.
Traditional word processing tools like Google Docs or Microsoft Word are insufficient because tracking changes with Microsoft Word is simply too difficult to deal with.
Both my wife and I are about to travel to China in November and we had several disparate itineraries from various airlines, tour operators, hotels, and such. In the past, I usually used Microsoft Excel to create a combined itinerary. However, last year I tried to keep the combined itinerary in the iOS Notes App. Both solutions were less than ideal. Excel proved too difficult to edit on the go because I either had to use the mobile Excel app or open up my laptop. Once changes are made it would be difficult to track the changes that I made.
With the iOS Notes App, editing the cells within a table is okay for simple stuff, but for a complicated itinerary, the formatting capabilities simply did not exist. The tracking of changes was also an issue.
This time around, I am going to use
It took me some time to set up my Neovim environment for
The resulting PDF master itinerary has been very satisfactory. It was fulfilling to once again work with
Bedroom Audio Setup
After watching the YouTube video below:
I felt compelled to listen to my Bedroom audio system which I have not done for quite a while. I was pleasantly surprised by the musicality of the playlist that I quickly mustered for the night. I created the playlist on my old Mac mini 2018 using Apple Music configured for lossless music and USB output. On the other end of the USB is a Topping D90 DAC. My Q-Acoustic 3020i bookshelf speakers are powered by the S.M.S.L. DA-9 stereo amplifier.
With the acquisition of the S.M.SL. DA-9 stereo amplifier from my Winnipeg trip last year, and a freed, old Mac mini. I am able to swap out the old Raspberry Pi running Volumio as my streamer, and use the Mac mini instead. This way not only can I take advantage of Apple Music Loseless, but I can also install mpd to play my FLAC library. I still use the Rigelian App on both my Mac and iOS devices to control music from my mpd.
However to get the Mac mini working with my Topping D90 external DAC, I had to configure mpd appropriately. Below is a snippet of the mod configuration for audio_output. The configuration file is stored in ~/.mpd/mpd.conf.
audio_output {
type "osx"
name "D90 "
device "D90 " # optional
mixer_type "disabled"
dop "yes"
}
The following command can be used to obtain the detail of the USB audio devices that my Mac is aware of:
system_profiler SPAudioDataTypeNote the extra trailing space of the D90 name.
Below are the pictures of the equipment and software of my stack.
Replacing VDEV in a ZFS Pool
Several months ago I had an old 3TB hard drive (HDD) crashed on me. Luckily it was a hard drive that is primarily used for backup purposes, so the data lost can quickly be duplicated from source by performing another backup. Since it was not critical that I replace the damaged drive immediately, it was kind of left to fester until today.
Recently I acquired four additional WD Red 6TB HDD, and I wanted to install these new drives into my NAS chassis. Since I am opening the chassis, I will irradicate the damaged drive, and also take this opportunity to swap some old drives out of the ZFS pool that I created earlier and add these new drives into the pool.
I first use the following command to add two additional mirror vdev’s each composed of the two new WD Red drives.
sudo zpool add vault mirror {id_of_drive_1} {id_of_drive_2}The drive id’s is located in the following path: /dev/disk/by-id and is typically prefixed with ata or wwn.
This created two vdev’s into the pool, and I can remove an existing vdev. Doing so will automatically start redistributing the data on the removing vdev to the other vdev’s in the pool. All of this is performed while the pool is still online and running to service the NAS. To remove the old vdev, I execute the following command:
sudo zpool remove vault {vdev_name}In my case, the old vdev’s name is mirror-5.
Once the remove command is given, the copying of data from the old vdev to the other vdev’s begins. You can check the status with:
sudo zpool status -v vaultThe above will show the copying status and the approximate time it will take to complete the job.
Once the removal is completed, the old HDD of mirror-5 is still labeled for ZFS use. I had to use the labelclear command to clean the drive so that I could repurpose the drives for backup duty. Below is an example of the command.
sudo zpool labelclear sdb1The resulting pool now looks like this:
sudo zpool list -v vault
(Output truncated)
NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE
vault 52.7T 38.5T 14.3T
mirror-0 9.09T 9.00T 92.4G
ata-ST10000VN0008-2JJ101_ZHZ1KMA0-part1 - - -
ata-WDC_WD101EFAX-68LDBN0_VCG6VRWN-part1 - - -
mirror-1 7.27T 7.19T 73.7G
wwn-0x5000c500b41844d9-part1 - - -
ata-ST8000VN0022-2EL112_ZA1E8S0V-part1 - - -
mirror-2 9.09T 9.00T 93.1G
wwn-0x5000c500c3d33191-part1 - - -
ata-ST10000VN0004-1ZD101_ZA2964KD-part1 - - -
mirror-3 10.9T 10.8T 112G
wwn-0x5000c500dc587450-part1 - - -
wwn-0x5000c500dcc525ab-part1 - - -
mirror-4 5.45T 1.74T 3.72T
wwn-0x50014ee2b9f82b35-part1 - - -
wwn-0x50014ee2b96dac7c-part1 - - -
indirect-5 - - -
mirror-6 5.45T 372G 5.09T
wwn-0x50014ee265d315cd-part1 - - -
wwn-0x50014ee2bb37517e-part1 - - -
mirror-7 5.45T 373G 5.09T
wwn-0x50014ee265d315b1-part1 - - -
wwn-0x50014ee2bb2898c2-part1 - - -
cache - - -
nvme-Samsung_SSD_970_EVO_Plus_500GB_S4P2NF0M419555D 466G 462G 4.05GThe above indirect-5 can be safely ignored. It is just a reference to the old mirror-5.
This time we replaced the entire vdev, another technique is to replace the actual drives within the vdev. To do this, we will have to use the zpool replace command. We may also have to perform a zpool offline first before the replace command. This can be successively done on all the old drives in the mirror with newer drives with larger capacities to increase an existing vdev’s size.
Solar Savings with Ultra Low Overnight Rate
In a previous post, I talked about switching our electricity rates from a tiered rate schedule to an Ultra Low Overnight (ULO) rate schedule. The latter rate schedule effectively means we pay a third less when using electricity from 11pm to 7am.
I have received a full month’s invoice while on the ULO rate. Below is a comparison with the previous year.
The above is a clear depiction of the resulting differences. We are able to get way more credits using the ULO rates. I call this a huge success, especially since we had a few hot days with the air conditioning running. Let us see how the remaining months will add to our credits.
Ultra-Low Overnight Rates
As of January 2024, Alectra Utilities begin to allow residential customers with net meters to take advantage of the Ultra-Low Overnight (ULO) rate schedule. Since I have plenty of battery backup, I thought this ULO pricing schedule is perfect for my solar and battery backup situation.
The idea is to use my batteries from 7am to 11pm during the non-ULO periods, and then replenish my batteries at the low $0.028 per kWh after 11pm. I also switched our two Green Vehicles to charge after 11pm.
Another great benefit of the ULO schedule is that electricity generated and feedback to the grid is credited with the increased rates. This means any surplus electricity sent back to the grid between 4pm and 9pm during the weekdays gets a premium credit of $0.286 per kWh. This is ten times more than the usage after 11pm!
After reconfiguring my solar – backup system to this new schedule, you can see from the above chart that my electricity consumption is now in alignment with the ULO schedule.
The process of switching from a Tier Rate schedule to the ULO schedule was not simple. I had to call Alectra customer support and waited for literally hours to get a staff member who was knowledgeable enough to help me with the switch.
I hope the pain is now over and we begin to reap the benefits of the ULO pricing. Let us hope that this summer we will be able to collect much more credit because of ULO.